Sunday, October 07, 2012

Transgene Biotek Ltd.

Business Standard news coverage on Transgene Biotek Ltd.

Transgene in pact with Dr Reddy's for obesity drug
Press Trust of India / Mumbai Jan 07, 2010, 20:42 IST

Biotechnology firm Transgene Biotek today said it has signed a pact with Dr Reddy's Lab to manufacture a drug named, Orlistat used in treating obesity.
The company has entered into a licensing and technology transfer agreement with Dr Reddy's Laboratories for the out-licensing of a technology to manufacture Orlistat, Transgene Biotek said in a filing to the Bombay Stock Exchange.
Under the terms of the compact, effective in due course of time, Dr Reddy's would gain worldwide rights to a unique technology to produce and commercialise Orlistat active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) which is developed exclusively by Transgene Biotek.
"The new alliance combines Transgene Biotek's technology with Dr Reddy's manufacturing skills, and extensive global sales and marketing capabilities" the company said.
Transgene Biotek would receive an upfront payments for certain commercial milestone, and royalties on the sale of Orlistat API in all countries worldwide.
Orlistat is used in the treatment of obesity, including weight loss and weight maintenance.
Transgene Biotek comes up with novel drug for colon cancer
BS Reporter / Mumbai Apr 26, 2010, 15:47 IST

Transgene Biotek has expanded its cancer drug pipeline by coming out with a novel drug for colon cancer. The drug is based on Transgene's proprietary technology platform using a humanised monoclonal antibody. Transgene has developed monoclonal antibodies, which efficiently kill colon cancer cells without harming normal cells.
According to a report from Economic Intelligence Unit, by 2020, 9.7 per cent of new cases of cancer in the world will be from colorectal cancer making it the third highest incidence cancer after lung and breast. Cancer accounted for 7.9 million deaths in 2007, about 70 per cent in low and middle income countries


Transgene Biotek to raise up to Rs 500 cr via markets
Press Trust of India / New Delhi Oct 01, 2010, 14:06 IST
Biotechnology firm Transgene Biotek today said it will raise up to Rs 500 crore through various domestic and international fund raising instruments.
The company's board, at its meeting held on September 30, has decided to raise Rs 500 crore through various domestic and international fund raising instruments, including foreign currency convertible bonds (FCCBs), global depository receipts (GDRs) and American depository receipts (ADRs), Transgene Biotek said in a filing to Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).
The fund raising would be subject to the approval of shareholders, it added.
     
The board also decided to increase the authorised capital of the company to Rs 75 crore from the present Rs 20 crore.
     
Shares of Transgene Biotek were today trading at Rs 59 on the BSE in late afternoon trade, up 3.69 per cent from its previous close.

Transgene in the red
BS Reporter / Hyderabad May 18, 2011, 00:00 IST
Transgene Biotek Ltd reported a net loss of Rs 2.85 lakh for the three months ended March 31, 2011, mainly due to Rs 51 lakh additional expenditure on account of currency fluctuation. Sales revenues were Rs 7.23 crore, while expenditure was Rs 6.58 crore. The profit and revenues in the same quarter of 2009-10 were Rs 15.55 lakh and Rs 1.1 crore respectively.
For the full year of 2010-11, the company registered a net profit of Rs 14.84 lakh, a decline of 61 per cent from Rs 38.16 lakh in the previous fiscal. Revenues during the year grew nearly three-fold to Rs 10 crore (Rs 3.98 crore). The bulk drug division accounted for 70 per cent of its annual revenues, with the rest coming from diagnostic services.

Transgene sells tech to TSS Export
BS Reporter / Chennai/ Hyderabad Nov 24, 2011, 00:00 IST
City-based Transgene Biotek Limited, a biotechnology company, has announced the sale of technology for recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) to TSS Export GmbH FZE, one of the group companies of Germany-based TSS group, for $5 million (Rs 26 crore).
The technology transfer and the sale of this technology is expected to be completed within 5-6 months. KK Rao, managing director of Transgene Biotek, said, “This transaction fulfils the pledge we made earlier this year to focus on revenue generation whilst monetising the sale of under utilised bio-generic drug assets, those developed by the company during the last 7-8 years, but which we now feel do not fit into our new agenda for sustained growth.”
Transgene Biotek recently commenced commercial manufacturing of DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), an omega-3 fatty acid, which has seen explosive growth in the nutraceuticals and health supplements market.
The company is in the process of expanding its in-house infrastructure to augment production capacities for DHA and other APIs, and hopes to start commercial manufacturing of its second API (active pharmaceutical ingredient), called Tacrolimus. It is in discussion with a number of manufacturers in Europe and North America for strategic partnerships to manufacture and distribute these products, the release said.
Transgene Biotek joins hands with FII, to delist shares
The company is in the process of sending the postal ballot to all its shareholders seeking their approval
Press Trust of India / Mumbai Oct 07, 2012, 12:03 IST
Pharmaceutical company Transgene Biotek has announced that Mauritius-based Stream Value Fund has agreed to join hands on a long-term basis to support its drug discovery activity, in return for equity participation and certain rewards on drug licensing or sale.
Last week the Hyderabad-based company said it is offloading undisclosed quantum of stake to a foreign institutional investor as a result of which the company's shares will be delisted from domestic stock exchanges.
The company is in the process of sending the postal ballot to all its shareholders seeking their approval.

If delisting is successful, the management of Transgene said, it will enjoy enhanced flexibility without requirement to comply with a long list of regulators' rules and regulations which often hinder efforts to speed up the drug development process.

Transgene has a pipeline of more than six molecules in development - both novel bio-technology and bio-generic drugs, the release said.

The two recent animal studies on its oral insulin project have yielded exceptional results that give rise to confidence that Transgene will soon be in strategic partnership with a large pharma company, the company said.

Transgene Biotek to delist from Indian stock exchanges
Apart from Bombay Stock Exchange, the company is also listed on Luxembourg Stock Exchange
Press Trust of India / New Delhi Sep 04, 2012, 14:38 IST
Biotechnology firm Transgene Biotek today said that its board of directors has decided to delist its shares from Indian stock exchanges.
"The board of directors of the company at its meeting held on September 3, 2012, inter alia, has decided to delist the equity shares of the company from the all the recognised Indian Stock Exchanges," Transgene Biotek said in a filing to BSE.
Apart from Bombay Stock Exchange, the company is also listed on Luxembourg Stock Exchange.

Transgene Biotek said its proposal to delist is subject to approval of shareholders of the company and statutory approvals.

The company, however, did not assign any reason for the delisting.

Shares of Transgene Biotek were today trading at Rs 11.25 per scrip in the afternoon trade on BSE, up 4.85% from its previous close.

 Founded in 1991 by Koteswara Rao, the Hyderabad-based company is among the first biotechnology companies in India.

It has products in the therapeutic areas of cancer, auto immunity and other bio-generics apart from drug delivery devices for ailments such as diabetes and HIV infection.

FII to pick stake in Transgene Biotek
As a result of which the company's shares will be delisted from domestic stock exchanges
Press Trust of India / New Delhi Sep 10, 2012, 17:52 IST
Transgene Biotek today said it is offloading undisclosed quantum of stake in the company to a foreign institutional investor as a result of which the company's shares will be delisted from domestic stock exchanges.
Last week the company had announced that its board has decided to delist its equity shares from all the recognised Indian Stock Exchanges.
"Our announcement in the recent days has been triggered by an approach by a SEBI-registered FII to join hands with Transgene's promoters on a long term basis. This is to support company's drug discovery activity in exchange for equity participation and certain rewards on drug licensing or sale," Transgene Biotek said in a filing to BSE.

Without disclosing details such as the name of the FII or the quantum of stake to be offloaded, the company said one of the preconditions set by the investor that has approached it to support drug discovery activity was delisting.

"The investor shall join the promoter group and shall have a seat on the board, both events only, after the completion of delisting process," Transgene Biotek Managing Director KK Rao told PTI in an emailed response.

He further said the investor is backing the promoters in the delisting process for acquisition of the listed shares.

Transgene Biotek 's board has approved an exit price not lower than the floor price of Rs 25 per share.

In the event of the delisting being successful, the new management of Transgene will enjoy enhanced flexibility. It may at some point choose to increase exposure to western markets (besides Luxembourg), the company said.

As per latest data available on BSE, till the quarter ended June 2012, the promoters held 36.83% stake in the company. Out of a total public shareholding of 63.17%, FIIs held 6.99% stake.

The company further said that the lower market value of the company's stock despite progress of its product pipeline was also one of the reasons behind the proposed delisting.

The two recent animal studies on the company's oral insulin project for diabetes have yielded exceptional results that gives rise to the confidence that soon it would be in strategic partnership with a large pharma firm, it said.

"Yet we continue to see erosion in company value accompanied by perceived investor pessimism, and this has led to the approval by the board for de listing," Transgene Biotek said.

Shares of Transgene Biotek today closed at Rs 11.41 a scrip on the BSE, up a steep 4.97% from its previous close.

TRANSGENEBIOTEK- potential untapped....


I have been recommending this stock for INVESTMENT buying ever since I saw the growth in the sales from mere 0.5 cr to 5 cr in a quarter. This has been happening for the last 4-5 quarters. I am blindly supporting the stock from Rs 26-30 levels but the stock fell relentlessly from there to Rs 8-9 range. Where as the products pipeline has the opportunity to out perform is not happening in the bourses. The equity has grossly bloated from 15 cr to 65 cr with in two years (2010-12).  
BSE- Notices for refernece:
Notice No
20110505-20
Notice Date
05 May 2011
Category
Company related
Segment
Equity
Subject
Listing of new securities of Transgene Biotek Ltd.
Content

Trading members of the Exchange are hereby informed that the under mentioned securities of Transgene Biotek Ltd, (Scrip Code: 526139, ISIN No INE773D01018) are listed and admitted for trading on the Exchange with effect from Friday, May 06, 2011.

Security Details
2,50,00,000 equity shares of Rs.10/- each issued underlying  Global Depository Receipts (1GDR = 10 Equity Shares)
of the Company.
These shares are ranking pari passu with the existing
equity shares of the company.
Date of Allotment
22.02.2011
Dist. Nos.
15770001 to 40770000
Price per GDR
US $ 9.2

In case trading members require any clarification on the subject matter of the notice, they may please contact the undersigned on Tel. Nos. 022 2272 8899.



(Pavan V. Naik)
Deputy Manager - Dept. of Corporate Services

INDIA-Mutual funds mobilise over Rs 1.5 trillion...



Mutual funds mobilise over Rs 1.5 trillion from investors in 2012-13

NEW DELHI: Investors have put in more than Rs 1.5 lakh crore in various mutual funds in the first five months of the current fiscal, as against cumulative net outflow of over Rs 70,000 crore in the previous two financial years. 
A revival in the stock market and various reform measures being undertaken by the government and regulator Sebi may help the mutual fund industrymobilise further funds in the coming months, say experts. 

As per the latest data available with Sebi, there was a net inflow of Rs 1,53,781 crore between April and August 2012, as against total fund mobilisation of Rs 1.24 lakh crore in the corresponding period of last fiscal 2011-12.
However, there was a net outflow of over Rs 20,000 in the entire 2011-12, while a net amount of nearly Rs 50,000 crore moved out of the mutual funds' kitty during the previous fiscal 2010-11. 
Prior to that, mutual funds had mobilised Rs 83,000 crore in 2009-10, Sebi data shows. At gross level, the mutual funds mobilised a total amount of over Rs 30.4 lakh crore in the first five months of the current fiscal, while there were redemption worth Rs 28.9 lakh crore as well -- resulting into net inflow of about Rs 1.54 lakh crore. This significant level of fund mobilisation has also helped the total asset under management of mutual funds to grow to Rs 7.5 lakh crore as on August 31, 2012. Mutual funds pool together money from many investors and invest it on behalf of the group, in accordance with a stated set of objectives. 

Market analysts expect the trend to pick up in the coming weeks, as the government and Sebi have expressed their intention to revive equity culture in the country and help channelise the household income into stocks, mutual funds and insurance sectors, rather than in idle assets like gold. After gaining one per cent in August, strong FII inflows had pushed up the BSE's benchmark Sensex by 1,382 points or eight per cent last month. 

"The current market conditions and wide-ranging reforms announced by Sebi to re-energise the mutual funds ndustry would help the sector to channelise funds in the equity market," Sudip Bandhopadhyay MD and CEO at Destimoney Securities said. He also said the stock market and mutual funds stand to attract more investments from the Rajiv Gandhi Equity Savings Scheme, but it could be initially complicated for first-time investors. 
Another analyst Wellindia President (Research) Vivek Negi said," a number of steps taken by the Sebi for the benefit of mutual fund industry and revival in the stock market on the back of various economic reforms measures undertaken by the government are expected to help the mutual fund industry to invest in the equity market." 

However, investment by mutual funds in equity schemes continued to decline for the second consecutive month, although at a slower pace.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/personal-finance/mutual-funds/mf-news/mutual-funds-mobilise-over-rs-1-5-trillion-from-investors-in-2012-13/articleshow/16708025.cms

Expect more REFORMS.......

Fund managers upbeat, expect more reforms
Jinsy Mathew / Mumbai Oct 07, 2012, 00:32 ISTRiding high on the crest of the reforms wave, the markets crossed the 19,000-mark on the Sensex. However, profit taking was also seen at higher levels, following the expiry of September derivative contracts. Globally, too, sentiment was upbeat as investor risk aversion eased after the European Central Bank said it was ready to buy the bonds of troubled Euro zone countries.
All the fund managers remained active between September 21 and October 5.
A K PRABHAKAR
Sr VP (Equity Research), Anand Rathi Financial Services
Prabhakar sold Rallis India, BASF India, Tata Coffee (partially), Grasim Industries, Tube Investments, Titan Industries and Cummins India (partially), with 10 per cent gains. There were no buys.


He believes holding 30-40 per cent in cash would be better, as profit booking might occur before the results season, providing better entry points. Also, considering the political situation is still fluid, he feels being defensive and taking money out of high-beta stocks would be best. He also expects more reform measures in the coming weeks. His top holdings include Tata Coffee, Sun Pharmaceuticals, Emami, Coromandel International and Pfizer. The net worth is Rs 10.53 lakh, up 5.3 per cent.
KISHOR OSTWAL
CMD, CNI Research
Ostwal chose Tata Steel, Century Textiles & Industries, Clariant Chemicals and Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation to be included in his portfolio. On the sell side, he took off Bombay Dyeing & Manufacturing and Aban Offshore, with a 9-11 per cent gain.

He says, “Keep booking profits, as large-caps’ valuations are close to the peak. One should start investing in undervalued mid-cap stocks now. If the market corrects till 5,500, then it would be a good strategy to get in again. This, most probably, will be possible during the Q2 earnings season.”
According to him, the real ‘bull run’ would start with measures such as a rate cut. This would help companies and the economy, beside helping to correct the fiscal deficit.
Tata Steel, BF Utilities, Century Textiles & Industries, Clariant Chemicals, Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation and Aban Offshore are his top picks. Ostwal’s net worth is Rs 10.53 lakh, up 5.3 per cent.
NAVEEN FERNANDES
Fund Manager, Centrum Wealth
Fernandes bought Nesco, MRF, Bharat Electronics and Siemens during the week. He sold United Breweries, CEAT and Coal India, with gains of 1-15 per cent. However, he booked a two per cent loss in Lupin.

He opines that further reform measures, a significant flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in aviation & retailing and, hence, a steady appreciation of the rupee provide a lot of conviction for the continuation of the present bull run. A possible political realignment during the winter session of Parliament could help the government pass the various FDI bills, providing a further boost to the market and economy. BASF India, ITC, Karur Vysya Bank, Nesco and Bharat Electronics are his top five holdings. Fernandes’ net worth is Rs 10.75 lakh, up 7.5 per cent.
SHARDUL KULKARNI
Head, Technical Research, Angel Broking
Kulkarni was on a buying spree, with Reliance Industries, Prestige Estates Projects, Speciality Restaurants, CEAT, Tata Motors, Balrampur Chini Mills, Rolta India, Ranbaxy and Apollo Hospitals being added to his portfolio. He sold Bank of Baroda, Punjab National Bank, Lanco Infratech, Mahindra & Mahindra, Voltas, Aditya Birla Nuvo and V-Guard Industries during the upmove.

He believes that although we have seen some consolidation in the Nifty, the overall undertone is still positive and stock selection will be crucial over the next few sessions. His advice is to use corrections up to 5,500 on the Nifty to create long positions. He cautions that one should not totally neglect high-beta counters, as they provide the edge to outperform the overall broader indices.
With this, his top five holdings are Godrej Industries, Tata Motors, Rolta India, Prestige Estates and Balrampur Chini Mills. The net worth is Rs 11.45 lakh, up 14.6 per cent.
SACHIN SHAH
Fund Manager, Emkay Investment Managers
Shah added two pharma scrips, Divis Laboratories and Cipla, to his kitty. He says the markets are in a strong and positive momentum, driven by much-awaited policy action. If these announcements continue, there is a good chance that corporate earnings would upgrade significantly for the next two years. On stock- specifics, he recommends that buying into companies where cash flows are in place and valuations are reasonable. This one rule will protect investors in all eventualities. His top holdings include IDFC, Exide Industries, Cipla, Hathway Cable & Datacom and Divis Laboratories. The net worth is Rs 10.66 lakh, up 6.6 per cent.

TAHER BADSHAH
Sr VP and co-head equities, Motilal Oswal AMC - PMS
Badshah picked Multi Commodity Exchange of India (MCX), Crompton Greaves, Shasun Pharmaceutical and Aban Offshore during the period. And, squared off Punjab National Bank, United Spirits and Colgate-Palmolive (India).

Staying invested is the best call in the current scenario, he considers. Though high-beta might be the flavour of the time, it is essential to have a decent balance between good quality defensives and beta stocks. On reforms, he believes the pace will get quicker. His top five holdings are HDFC, Crompton Greaves, OnMobile Global, Aban Offshore and MCX. The net worth is Rs 10.9 lakh, up nine per cent.

NIFTY plunges 900 points on ‘FLASH CRASH’;


Nifty plunges 900 points on ‘flash crash’; NSE to probe MUMBAI/CHENNAI, OCT 5: A ‘flash crash’ sent the National Stock Exchange’s Nifty into a tailspin soon after the market opened. The Nifty plunged nearly 900 points to a low of 4,888.20 (Thursday close: 5787.6) on what the NSE called ‘erroneous orders’ executed by Emkay Global Financial.  

15-minute disruption: Trading was disrupted for nearly 15 minutes following the incident.However, the Nifty recovered to close the day at 5746.95, a fall of 0.7 per cent.According to marketmen, orders could not be executed during the period due to a freak algo trade. In algorithmic trading, traders use electronic platforms for entering orders with an algorithm deciding the timing, price and quantity of the order without human intervention. However, the NSE denied algo trading was the reason for the crash............http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/stock-markets/article3967651.ece

Freak trade at NSE erodes Rs 10 lakh cr investors’ wealth
A flash 900 - point crash in the National Stock Exchange’s index Nifty this morning eroded an estimated Rs 10 lakh crore of investor wealth, though for a brief period. The Nifty showed a sudden fall of nearly 900 points, or over 15 per cent within seconds, triggering the circuit filter (maximum permissible limit of movement in the index), halting the trade at 0950 hrs for 15 minutes.During the period, the investors’ wealth slumped by nearly Rs 10 lakh crore. 
The Nifty finally closed the day at 5,746.95, down 40.65 points or 0.70 per cent, recovering most of the initial losses. On the other hand, the Sensex ended 119.69 points lower at 18,938.46. Market regulator Sebi has begun initial probe into the flash—crash. NSE has claimed there were no technical glitches in its system and the crash was due to ‘erroneous’ trade orders worth over Rs 650 crore by Emkay Global, which has been now disabled by the bourse for trading.........

NIFTY CRASH - A CHALLENGE TO NSE !!!!!


India’s NSE Says 59 Erroneous Orders Caused Stock Plunge By Rajhkumar K Shaaw, Santanu Chakraborty and Shikhar Balwani - Oct 6, 2012 6:58 PM GMT+0530 The plunge and rebound in Indian stocks that pushed the S&P CNX Nifty (NIFTY) Index down 16 percent in eight seconds underscored concern about financial markets. Trading in the Nifty and some companies stopped for 15 minutes in Mumbai yesterday after the 50-stock gauge tumbled as much as 16 percent. A brokerage that mishandled trades for an institutional client was to blame, according to the National Stock Exchange of India.Indian Finance Minister Palaniappan Chidambaram told reporters in Mumbai today that the government will investigate the stock plunge, as regulators around the world probe market structures and electronic trading after a series of malfunctions. In May 2010, high-frequency orders worsened the U.S.’s so-called flash crash, which briefly wiped $862 billion from the nation’s stocks. The Nasdaq was this May overwhelmed by cancelled orders and trade confirmations were delayed in the public debut of Facebook Inc. (FB), 2012’s largest initial public offering. “Everyone is very sensitive to these electronic errors,” Adam Mattessich, head of international trading at Cantor Fitzgerald LP, said by phone from New York. “It’s the kind of thing that could be nothing or it could become a financial calamity.” 

Emkay Orders Orders entered by Emkay Global Financial Services Ltd. (EMKAY) that led to trades valued at 6.5 billion rupees ($125 million) caused the drop, said Divya Malik Lahiri an NSE spokeswoman in New DelhiCircuit-breaker limits enforced by the NSE get activated “after existing orders are executed,” Ravi Varanasi, head of business development at the exchange in Mumbai, said by phone. “We are investigating the reason behind the wrong orders and how checks and balances at the member’s end failed.” The NSE’s trading limits for the Nifty range from 10 percent to 20 percent. The percentages are calculated into index points at the end of every quarter and applied for the next three months. A rise or decline of 570 points, equal to 10 percent of the Nifty’s closing level of 5703.3 on Sept. 28, is meant to halt trading on any day in the quarter through Dec. 31, according to a circular on the NSE’s website.  

Volume Doubled The volume of stocks in the benchmark index that were traded almost doubled from the 100-day average, according to data compiled by Bloomberg. An index of Indian stocks traded in New York slipped as much as 1.2 percent. “Even if there was order backlog, the index couldn’t have slumped 900 points before halting when the circuit filter was set for a 570-point fall,” Arun Kejriwal, director at Kejriwal Research & Investment Services Pvt., said by phone. “This is a system failure. Blaming a broker does not absolve the exchange of the lapse on their system’s part.”“I am assured that there is no systemic risk” to Indian markets, Chidambaram told reporters. “The NSE is looking into it and SEBI will also investigate the matter,” he said, referring to the financial regulator. The NSE’s systems weren’t at fault, according to the exchange’s Varanasi. “There is no question of any glitch or malfunctioning in NSE’s systems,” he said by e-mail. “The broker’s dealer put in an erroneous quantity in the orders, which is being investigated.” 

Shares Plunge Emkay Global Managing Director Prakash Kacholia didn’t answer his mobile phone. The broker’s shares plunged by the 10 percent daily limit to 31.1 rupees. While the drop in India drew comparisons with the rout in American equities on May 6, 2010, the U.S. event spurred many times the losses of the Nifty’s plunge and affected more companies. About 20 stocks in India saw declines of 19 percent or more on Oct. 5, compared with the more than 300 securities that lost at least 60 percent during the flash crash before the trades were canceled, a September 2010 report from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and Commodity Futures Trading Commission found. The decline and rebound in the Nifty lasted seconds, compared with more than 15 minutes for stocks, futures and indexes in the flash crash. 

‘Fat-Finger Mistake’ “It’s definitely concerning but we feel it was a fat- finger mistake rather than a market structural issue,” Ben Rozin, who helps manage the $600 million Manning & Napier International Fund, which includes Indian stocks, said by phone from Rochester, New York. “When we look at the Indian equity market, we think it’s pretty well run, and that this has very low impact.” The NSE, India’s largest bourse, controls more than 90 percent of India’s $28 billion equity derivatives market and handles 75 percent of the stock trades. The stoppage, the biggest such problem in more than two years, comes as a burst of policy reforms by Prime MinisterManmohan Singh propels Indian stocks to a 17-month high. Foreign investors have plowed a net $16.5 billion into local shares this year, the most among 10 Asian markets tracked by Bloomberg, excluding ChinaThe Nifty slipped 0.7 percent to 5,746.95 by the 3:30 p.m. close of trading yesterday. Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL), owner of the world’s largest refining complex, rose 0.6 percent at 857.8 rupees, rebounding from a 20 percent plunge, while Housing Development Finance Corp. (HDFC), India’s biggest mortgage lender, lost 5 percent to 749.95 rupees after also falling 20 percent. 

Reliance Declines Of the 4,100 companies trading on the exchange, 19 fell 19 percent or more intraday. Mumbai-based Reliance dropped from 856 rupees to 816.7 in one trade at one second before 9:51 a.m., traded again at that price, then rebounded. A second later, it fell to 682.35 rupees in two trades, Bloomberg data show. The stock jumped back to 856 during the same second. A total of six trades occurred below 840 rupees during the session, all of them at the bid price. Housing Development Finance opened at 775.80 rupees and traded at an average price of 753.63 during the day. Thirty-five trades occurred at prices below 740 rupees. The day’s low was reached because of two trades at 2 seconds before 9:51 a.m. executed at a price 16 percent below the previous transaction. 

ADRs Fall An index of Indian stocks traded in New York fell the most since Sept. 25, after rising over the previous two days. The Bank of New York Mellon India ADR Index dropped 1.2 percent to 1,071.40 by 2:47 p.m. American depositary receipts of Infosys Ltd. (INFY), India’s second-largest software exporter, declined for the first time in seven days, losing 1.5 percent to $48.93. “The crash definitely hurts as there has been a lot of foreign flows in the last two months and any erroneous order would impact investor confidence,” Daphne Roth, head of Asian equity research at ABN Amro Private Banking in Singapore, which oversees about $207 billion, said by e-mail. “Investors would still ultimately look to future reforms, not just related to the bourse but also to the economy.” Combined daily volumes on the nation’s two biggest bourses averaged 989 million shares last month, 27 percent more than in August, data compiled by Bloomberg show. Trading last year in the Nifty, at 35.5 billion shares, was the lowest in four years. “It’s not something that India needed at this stage when volumes are just beginning to recover,” Aquarius’ Rajan said. In a separate statement, the NSE said it had “disabled” Emkay Global and closed out the broker’s outstanding positions. N. Hariharan, a spokesman at the Securities & Exchange Board of India, the market regulator, wasn’t available for comment. 

Electronic Trading The NSE, founded in 1992, began trading equities electronically in 1994, spurring the 137-year-old BSE, which runs the BSE India Sensitive Index, to follow suit. Trading at both exchanges takes place through an open electronic limit order book, where order matching is undertaken by the trading computer. The entire process is order-driven, meaning market orders placed by investors are automatically matched with the best limit orders and buyers and sellers remain anonymous. The order- driven market brings more transparency by displaying all buy and sell orders in the trading system, though there’s no guarantee that orders will be executed because of the absence of market makers. All orders must to be placed through brokers, many of which provide online trading facilities to retail customers. Institutional investors can gain direct market access through trading terminals provided by brokers for placing orders directly into the stock market trading system. Competition among Indian bourses is poised to intensify with a third bourse, the MCX Stock Exchange, planning to start trading equities around Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights, which falls in November. “With another exchange set to be operational in about a month investors would have an alternative,” Kejriwal of Kejriwal Research said.  

To contact the reporters on this story: Rajhkumar K Shaaw in Mumbai atrshaaw@bloomberg.net; Santanu Chakraborty in Mumbai at schakrabor11@bloomberg.net; Shikhar Balwani in Mumbai at sbalwani@bloomberg.nethttp://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-10-05/nse-probing-freak-trade-that-caused-price-error-on-bourse.html


Apple, HP, Dell, Google, Nike..From garage to global....


From garage to global prominence

Some of the world's biggest companies inspire us with their improbable rags-to-riches stories.
By Meredith Margrave, Investing Answers
Hewlett-Packard
In 1939, two electrical engineering graduates from Stanford, Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard, established an electronics manufacturing company in a one-car garage in Palo Alto, Calif. The partners flipped a coin to decide whether the company would be named Packard-Hewlett or Hewlett-Packard. With an initial investment of $538, Hewlett-Packard (HPQ) was born.Widely recognized as the symbolic founder of Silicon Valley, Hewlett-Packard was incorporated on Aug. 18, 1947, and went public on Nov. 6, 1957. The founders experienced financial success early on, attracting customers including Walt Disney (DIS). But they were originally a bit unfocused, with product offerings that crossed over into the agriculture sector. They eventually decided to focus on high-quality electronics.
To this day, Hewlett-Packard is known for not only its electronics but also its unique company culture -- "the HP Way."
Dell
The University of Texas at Austin campus is known for stimulating the minds of its undergraduates -- the grassy fields, the sprawling trees and the traditional architecture of the revered halls are all filled with inspiration. But Michael Dell didn't have his revelation in a classroom. He found it in his dorm room.It was in room 2713 that he ran his informal business of building and selling custom-designed personal computers under the name PCs Limited.By selling directly to customers, Dell cut out the middleman and kept prices lower than his competition. That bright idea set the young entrepreneur apart, and the 19-year-old dropped out of school and moved his business to an office center that he purchased with his profits.
Dell (DELL) is now one of the largest tech companies in the world.
Nike
Before it became the world's leading supplier of athletic gear, Nike (NKE) wasn't Nike -- it was Blue Ribbon Sports. And for the first two years, you couldn't find it at any retailer. Blue Ribbon Sports operated exclusively out of the trunk of Phil Knight's green Plymouth Valiant. That's right, Nike started in the trunk of a car.Blue Ribbon Sports was founded in January 1964 by two University of Oregon men -- track athlete Knight and his coach, Bill Bowerman. The company originally operated as a distributor for Japanese shoemaker Onitsuka Tiger. While Knight sold shoes at track meets, Bowerman, always on the lookout for a competitive edge, was ripping them apart to see how he could make them lighter and better. He recruited his runners to test his designs.
In 1966, the two opened the company's first retail store, in Santa Monica, Calif., and business grew quickly. Blue Ribbon Sports split from Onitsuka Tiger and launched its own line of footwear, bearing a newly designed "swoosh." The Nike name was adopted in 1978.
Google
"On September 7, 1998, Google opened its door in Menlo Park, California. The door came with a remote control, as it was attached to the garage of a friend who sublet space to the new corporation's staff of three."  -- Google's corporate history
Just days before that garage door opened, Google (GOOG) co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin moved out of dorm rooms (both were working toward doctorates at Stanford), incorporated the Google name and finished raising $1 million from a handful of investors.A friend of Brin's, Susan Wojcicki (now a Google vice president), needed help paying the mortgage on her 1,900-square-foot home in Menlo Park, and she agreed to lease the garage for $1,700 per month to the 25-year-olds.
For the five months Google operated out of Wojcicki's garage, Page and Brin alternated between tinkering with their search engine's now-legendary algorithm, soaking in the hot tub and raiding the refrigerator for midnight snacks -- a habit that may have inspired Google's free-food policy for its employees.By the end of 1998, Google (still in beta mode) had indexed nearly 60 million pages and was being praised for providing better search results than its competitors.
The company moved out of Wojcicki's garage in March 1999, and, after quickly outgrowing three other locations, settled down at the 26-acre complex fondly referred to as the "Googleplex."On the company's eighth birthday, Google purchased the garage (and the attached home) and plans on preserving it as part of its legacy.
Dyson
Just as Nike was getting its official start, Dyson was coming into being across the pond. In a dirty living room.In 1978, inventor James Dyson was growing increasingly frustrated with his Hoover vacuum cleaner. As he tried to clean his living room, dust clogged the mesh pores of the bag and blocked airflow, causing the machine to lose suction power. Even emptying the bag didn't help. Tired and frustrated, he set to work on developing a more efficient vacuum cleaner.Dyson noticed that large industrial cyclones were removing sawdust from the air. Inspired, he dismantled his Hoover machine and fitted it with a cardboard re-creation of the sawmill cyclones. During his initial tests, Dyson found his cardboard prototype picked up more dust than his bag model.For five years, Dyson faced rejection from every major vacuum manufacturer. He and his wife were seriously in debt, and they even began growing their own vegetables and sewing their own clothes to support the ongoing project.A determined Dyson persevered, and he went on to manufacture, market and sell his design. Today, Dyson is one of the most widely recognized appliance manufacturers, constantly wowing consumers with innovative and stylish solutions to everyday problems.
Apple
On April 1, 1976, three young men established a startup inside a garage in Cupertino, Calif. Their vision was to set off a personal computer revolution. The result was the hand-built Apple I personal computer kit. Their names: Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne (who left the company in 1977, selling his stake for a mere $800).The bare-bones Apple I was first sold in 1976. The Apple II came out shortly thereafter, with color graphics and an open architecture, helping distinguish Apple's products from those of its competitors.
But it wasn't until Apple launched the Macintosh line -- with its famous "1984" commercial (watch it here) -- that the company experienced a watershed moment that led to its eventual success.Over the decades, Apple (AAPL) has established a unique reputation throughout the consumer electronics industry by expanding its product offerings with the iPod, iPhone and iPad.
Mattel
Shortly after the end of World War II, Ruth and Elliot Handler started a company named Mattel in their Southern California garage. Although we all know Mattel (MAT) as the maker of Barbie and other toys, its first products were picture frames. As a side business, Elliot used scraps from the frames to make dollhouse furniture. Encouraged by the success of this endeavor, the Handlers steered Mattel toward toys.In 1955, Mattel began to introduce its toys through advertising on the "Mickey Mouse Club" television show. Soon after, in 1959, Ruth Handler established the Barbie product line that would turn the company into a household name.
Mattel would go on to create or buy additional product lines, including Fisher Price, Hot Wheels, Matchbox cars, Masters of the Universe, American Girl dolls and an extensive line of board games, including Scrabble, Uno and Scene It.
http://money.msn.com/investment-advice/from-garage-to-global-prominence